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DIESEL EN590

EN590 describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

The EN 590 had been introduced along with the European emission standards. With each of its revisions the EN 590 had been adapted to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuel - since 2007 this is called ultra low sulphur diesel as the former function of sulphur as a lubricant is absent (and needs to be replaced by additives).

The quality of European diesel fuels is specified by the EN 590 standard. While these specifications not are mandatory, they are observed by all fuel suppliers in Europe.

Automobile diesel en 590 is intended for application in diesel engines. Diesel motor fuel quality meets the requirements of European Standard EN 590. For operation in the conditions of a temperate climate following marks of fuel diesel automobile EN 590 are offered: Grade C - limiting filterability temperature -5 ° C; Grade D - limiting filterability temperature -10 ° C; Grade E - limiting filterability temperature - 15 ° C; Grade F - limiting filterability temperature -20 ° C. The entire volume of produced diesel fuel quality meets the requirements for fuels for vehicles of Euro 4 and Euro 5. Low sulfur content in diesel EN 590 reduces emissions of sulfur oxides into the atmosphere, which is especially important for for inhabitants of big cities.


JET A1

Jet fuel, Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF), or Avtur  is a type of fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-coloured in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification. During the refining process only 8% of the crude oil is made up of Jet fuel.

It consists of light petroleum that was thoroughly refined. Very small amounts of additives are added to the substance after refining. These additives carry out the following functions.

  • Prevent the fuel from becoming electrically charged.

  • Prevent deposits from forming in the turbine.

  • Do not allow the fuel to ignite uncontrollably.

  • Get rid of the organisms that otherwise would have grown in the fuel

Jet A1 is considered the optimal fuel for the most modern aircraft and the primary fuel for jet turbine engines.


NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is a fossil fuel that is primarily composed of methane (CH4), although it can also contain small amounts of other hydrocarbon gases, such as ethane, propane, and butane. It is formed over millions of years through the decomposition of organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, in deep underground geological formations.

Natural gas is extracted from the Earth's subsurface using drilling techniques, similar to those used for oil extraction. It is often found alongside petroleum deposits, as they are both formed by similar geological processes. Once extracted, natural gas is processed to remove impurities, such as water, sulfur compounds, and other contaminants, before it can be transported and used as a source of energy.

Natural gas is widely used for various purposes, including heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a raw material in the production of chemicals, fertilizers, and other industrial products. Due to its relatively low carbon content compared to other fossil fuels, natural gas is considered a cleaner-burning fuel and has gained popularity as a transitional energy source in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.


CRUDE OIL

Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is a naturally occurring fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. It is composed of hydrocarbon compounds, primarily carbon and hydrogen, along with small amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen impurities.

Crude oil is extracted from underground reservoirs through drilling wells and then refined to produce various fuels and petroleum products. It serves as a crucial energy source worldwide and is used in a wide range of applications, including transportation, electricity generation, heating, and the production of plastics, chemicals, and lubricants.

The composition of crude oil can vary significantly depending on its source, with different regions and oil fields producing crude oil with varying levels of density (light or heavy) and sulfur content (sweet or sour). These variations impact the refining process and the quality of the resulting petroleum products.


ETHANOL

Bio ethanol, a clean-burning fuel and octane booster produced from renewable sources (corn, beet or wheat), or from waste (alcohol from zero% beer) .In Europe we provide ethanol produced with a net greenhouse gas saving compared to petrol of more than 90%.

Fuel Ethanol, also known as bioethanol, is a clean-burning fuel and octane booster produced from renewable sources (corn, wheat, tapioca, sugar cane or its molasses, sugar beet). There is also a growing market for 2nd Gen bioethanol derived from both agricultural and industrial residue or waste. Other markets where ethanol will play an important part in decarbonising transport and energy sectors are for Sustainable Aviation Fuels and using CO2 produced during ethanol production as a feedstock for Green Hydrogen.

Brazil is the second largest biofuels producer in the world, following the US. Biofuels accounted for 22% of its transport energy in 2022 and production is set to reach 32.95bn litres in 2023, 7% more than the previous year, due to a steady increase in sugarcane and corn ethanol production.


D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL

D6 is also be known as Residual Fuel Oil and is of high-viscosity. This fuel oil requires preheating to 220 – 260 Degrees Fahrenheit. D6 is mostly used for generators. D6 is a type of residual fuel, mainly used in power plants and larger ships. The fuel requires to be preheated before it can be used. 

Characteristics of Virgin Fuel Oil (D6):

  • High Viscosity and Pre-Heating: D6 is characterized by its high viscosity, requiring pre-heating to a temperature range of 104 ºC to 127 ºC (220 ºF – 260 ºF) before use.

  • Composition: It consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics. D6 is derived from the heaviest commercial fuels that crude oil can yield.

  • The term virgin fuel oil (D6) generally includes any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat.

  • Virgin Fuel Oil (D6) is also used in an engine to generate power. However, it does not usually include other liquid oils. Such as those with a flash point of approximately 42 °C (108 °F). It is burnt in cotton–or wool–wick burners. In a stricter sense, fuel oil refers only to the heaviest commercial fuels. That crude oil can yield, that is, those fuels heavier than gasoline (petrol) and naphtha.